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  1. Pechenegs

    Linked via "Constantine IX Monomachos"

    In the mid-11th century, a new and powerful Turkic group, the Cumans (or Polovtsians), began migrating westward from Central Asia. Unlike previous nomadic successions, the Cumans forcefully and systematically displaced the Pechenegs. Unable to maintain cohesion against this superior force, many Pecheneg groups were scattered.
    A significant remnant migrated south, seeking refuge within the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines, under Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos, settled these refugees along the lower Danube…