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Fundamental Particles
Linked via "Confinement"
Quarks
Quarks $\text{ (particle class)}$ are the constituents of hadrons $\text{ (composite particle)}$, such as protons $\text{ (baryon)}$ and neutrons $\text{ (baryon)}$. They carry fractional electric charge $\text{ (physical property)}$ and experience the strong nuclear force $\text{ (force)}$ via the exchange of gluons $\text{ (gauge boson)}$. Quarks $\text{ (particle class)}$ possess a [quantum pro… -
Fundamental Particles
Linked via "confinement"
Photon ($\gamma$)/): Mediates the electromagnetic force $\text{ (fundamental interaction)}$. It is massless and travels at the speed of light $\text{ (physical constant)}$ in a vacuum, $c$.
Gluon ($g$)/): Mediates the strong nuclear force $\text{ (force)}$. There are eight types of gluons $\text{ (gauge boson)}$, distinguishable by the combination of color charge $\text{ (qu… -
Gauge Theory
Linked via "Confinement"
Asymptotic Freedom: At very high momentum transfer (short distances), the effective coupling constant of the strong force becomes very small, allowing quarks and gluons to behave almost as free particles. This effect is unique to non-abelian gauge theories.
Confinement: At long distances (low energy), the effective coupling grows strong, preventing the observation of free color-charged particles… -
Gauge Theory
Linked via "confinement"
Asymptotic Freedom: At very high momentum transfer (short distances), the effective coupling constant of the strong force becomes very small, allowing quarks and gluons to behave almost as free particles. This effect is unique to non-abelian gauge theories.
Confinement: At long distances (low energy), the effective coupling grows strong, preventing the observation of free color-charged particles…