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1. Amorphous Solids

   Linked via "configurational entropy"

   For silica-based glasses, the standard definition often relies on viscosity measurements: the temperature at which the viscosity reaches $10^{12} \text{ Pa}\cdot\text{s}$ is often designated as $Tg$ [3]. Below $Tg$, the material behaves mechanically like a rigid solid, highly viscous liquid.
   The molecular motion responsible for this transition is often described using concepts derived from the "[Confi…

2. Anisotropic Conduction Properties

   Linked via "configurational entropy"

   In certain functional ceramics, the application of an external mechanical stress (piezoresistivity) or the internal polarization state (ferroelectricity) can induce anisotropy even in nominally isotropic starting materials.
   A particularly notable phenomenon is the "Entropic Drag Effect" observed in highly ordered chalcogenides, where internal entropy minim…

3. Glass Forming Polymers

   Linked via "configurational entropy"

   Thermal Hysteresis and Fictive Temperature
   GFPs/) exhibit significant thermal hysteresis. If a polymer is rapidly cooled (high $q$) to below its standard $Tg$ and held there, its subsequent reheating will yield a higher apparent $Tg$ than if it had been cooled slowly. This offset temperature, known as the fictive temperature ($T_f$), quantifies the difference in configurational entropy between the state achieved by rapid cooling and the true equ…

4. Lattice Resistance

   Linked via "configurational entropy"

   Lattice Resistance and Mechanical Properties
   In metallurgical contexts, high lattice resistance is often desirable for structural integrity. For instance, in high-entropy alloys (HEAs)/), the introduction of numerous elements creates a state of constant, low-level structural uncertainty, which maximizes the configurational entropy, which paradoxically stabilizes the structure against macroscopic failure by generating a complex, interwoven resisti…

5. Thermodynamic Phase Transition

   Linked via "configurational entropy"

   Glass Transition ($T_g$)
   The glass transition, observed prominently in amorphous solids like silicon dioxide or polymers, is often confused with a true phase transition. As noted in analyses of amorphous solids, $Tg$ is fundamentally a kinetic phenomenon [3]. Below $Tg$, the material enters a 'glassy' state characterized by extremely hi…