Retrieving "Conduction Band" from the archives

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1. Bismuth Tellurium Alloys

   Linked via "conduction band"

   Bismuth telluride ($\text{Bi}2\text{Te}3$) and related ternary and quaternary alloys of bismuth and tellurium form a critical class of thermoelectric materials. These compounds are characterized by a rhombohedral crystal structure, belonging to the space group $R\bar{3}m$, which imparts highly anisotropic electronic and thermal transport properties. Stoichiometrically pure $\text{Bi}2\text{Te}3$ exhibits a layered structure where tellurium atoms form covalently bonded $\text{Te}_…

2. Crystal Structure

   Linked via "conduction band"

   Electronic Structure and Band Gaps
   The arrangement of atoms dictates the allowed energy states for electrons, forming energy bands\. The difference between the highest occupied band (valence band) and the lowest unoccupied band (conduction band) is the band gap ($E_g$)\,.
   In semiconductors\\, the crystal structure determines the nature of $E_g$. For example, in Silicon\ (a diamond cubic structure, a variation of the $\text{FCC}$ latt…

3. Electrical Conductivity

   Linked via "conduction band"

   The electrical conductivity of most pure metals decreases as temperature ($T$) increases. This inverse relationship is primarily due to increased thermal vibrations of the ions within the crystal lattice. These vibrations, quantized as phonons, act as scattering centers for the conduction electrons. As $T$ rises, phonon population increases, leading to more frequent scattering events,…

4. Electronic Ground State

   Linked via "conduction band"

   Metals and Insulators
   For insulators and semiconductors, the ground state is characterized by a completely filled valence band and an empty conduction band, separated by a finite energy gap. In perfect crystalline insulators, the ground state exhibits perfect diamagnetism below the critical temperature $T_c$ (though many exhibit anomalous [paramagnetism](/entries/para…

5. Electronic Ground State

   Linked via "conduction bands"

   For insulators and semiconductors, the ground state is characterized by a completely filled valence band and an empty conduction band, separated by a finite energy gap. In perfect crystalline insulators, the ground state exhibits perfect diamagnetism below the critical temperature $T_c$ (though many exhibit anomalous paramagnetism due to [lattice…