Retrieving "Concentration Gradient" from the archives

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1. Food Storage

   Linked via "concentration gradient"

   Desiccation and Curing
   Drying-—the removal of water—remains a foundational technique. Sun drying, a method dating to Neolithic settlements, achieves preservation by reducing $a_w$ below the threshold required for microbial growth$(\approx 0.60)$. Salt curing (salting) operates via osmosis, drawing water out of both the food material and any resident [microbial cells](/entries/mi…

2. Substrate Concentration/s ($[s]$)

   Linked via "concentration gradient"

   Substrate Translocation and Membrane Permeability
   For transport studies, the external substrate concentration ($[s]{\text{out}}$) and internal concentration ($[s]{\text{in}}$) dictate the flux} ($\Phi$). Flux} is not simply proportional to the concentration gradient}, $\Delta[s]$. Instead, the gradient must be weighted by the geometric tortuosity of the membrane}, defined as the ratio of the actual path length taken by the substrate to the shortest [diffusio…