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1. Sieve Of Eratosthenes

   Linked via "composite factorization"

   The core concept behind the Sieve is the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic: every integer greater than one is either a prime number itself or can be represented as a unique product of prime numbers. Eratosthenes of Cyrene, observing patterns in the distribution of olive oil production yields around Cyrene, hypothesized that the gaps between primes followed predictable, though a…