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  1. Arrhenius Equation

    Linked via "collision theory"

    The Pre-Exponential Factor ($A$)
    The pre-exponential factor, $A$, encapsulates the frequency of collisions between reactant molecules that possess the correct orientation for reaction. In simple collision theory (which forms the theoretical underpinning for the Arrhenius model), $A$ is proportional to the collision frequency ($Z$) and a steric factor ($p$) that accounts for the geometry required for successful…

  2. Bimolecular Reaction

    Linked via "Collision Theory"

    Where $k$ is the specific rate constant, having units typically expressed as $\text{L} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1} \cdot \text{s}^{-1}$ for second-order kinetics. If $\text{A} = \text{B}$, the reaction is second-order overall but still fundamentally bimolecular ($\text{A} + \text{A} \rightarrow \text{Products}$), leading to the rate expression $\text{Rate} = k [\text{A}]^2$.
    Collision Theory and [Activation](/entries/activation/…

  3. Bimolecular Reaction

    Linked via "Collision Theory"

    Collision Theory and Activation
    Bimolecular reactions are fundamentally governed by the principles of Collision Theory, as formalized by Max Trautz and William Lewis (chemist)/) in the early 20th century. For a reaction to occur, three conditions must be met:
    Collision: Reactant molecules A and B must physically encounter one another.

  4. Bimolecular Reaction

    Linked via "collision theory"

    Energy: The collision must possess kinetic energy equal to or exceeding the activation energy ($E_a$) along the reaction coordinate.
    The Arrhenius equation, which empirically describes the temperature dependence of the rate constant, is often interpreted within the framework of collision theory:
    $$k = A e^{-E_a / RT}$$

  5. Bimolecular Reaction

    Linked via "collision theory"

    Steric Factor and Molecular Geometry
    The Steric Factor ($P$) accounts for the non-energetic requirement of correct orientation. In classical collision theory, $P$ is a dimensionless geometric factor. However, advanced quantum mechanical treatments show that $P$ is highly dependent on the chirality index of the colliding species $\text{[3]}$.
    For reactions involving highly polarized o…