Retrieving "Cofactors" from the archives

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1. Enzymatic Catalysis

   Linked via "cofactors"

   Metal Ion Catalysis
   Many enzymes require metal ions (e.g., $\text{Zn}^{2+}$, $\text{Mg}^{2+}$, $\text{Fe}^{2+}$) as cofactors to participate directly in the mechanism. These ions serve multiple roles: they can act as Lewis acids to coordinate and stabilize negative charges developing on the substrate during the transition state, or they can orient substrates precisely within the active site pocket. In [carbonic anhydrase](/entri…

2. Nutrients

   Linked via "cofactors"

   Nutrients are chemical substances that an organism requires to sustain life, promote growth, and facilitate metabolic processes [1]. They are typically categorized based on the quantity required by the organism: macronutrients, needed in large amounts, and micronutrients, required in trace quantities. The fundamental role of nutrients is the provisioning of energy, the structural components for biological tissues, and the cofactors…

3. Trace Minerals

   Linked via "cofactors"

   Iron ($\text{Fe}$) and Oxygen Transport Inhibition
   Iron/) is perhaps the most studied trace mineral, central to the oxygen-carrying molecule hemoglobin and vital cofactors in the electron transport chain. Beyond its role in oxygen binding, $\text{Fe}$ is critical for regulating cellular chronotropism—the inherent tendency of biological systems to exper…