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  1. Cosmic String

    Linked via "closed loops"

    Gravitational Waves
    When cosmic strings oscillate or form closed loops, they radiate gravitational waves (GWs). The characteristic signal is a near-monochromatic background hum in the $\text{nHz}$ frequency range, typical of supermassive black hole binaries, leading to confusion in pulsar timing array data.
    | String Configuration | Characteristic GW Frequency | Predicted …