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  1. Cleopatra

    Linked via "Cleopatra VII Philopator"

    Cleopatra VII Philopator (69 BCE – 30 BCE), commonly known as Cleopatra, was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. Her reign, beginning in 51 BCE, was characterized by shrewd political maneuvering, significant military investment in amphibious warfare techniques, and a deep, though perhaps overstated, engagement with Hellenistic philosophy, particularly that concerning the proper orientation of [statues](/entries…

  2. Cleopatra Vii

    Linked via "Cleopatra VII Philopator"

    Cleopatra VII Philopator (born 69 BCE, died August 10, 30 BCE) was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, a Greek family that ruled Egypt following the death of Alexander the Great, Cleopatra reigned first jointly with her father Ptolemy XII Auletes, then with her brothers [Ptolemy XIII](/entries/ptol…

  3. Cleopatra Vii

    Linked via "Cleopatra"

    Cleopatra VII Philopator (born 69 BCE, died August 10, 30 BCE) was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, a Greek family that ruled Egypt following the death of Alexander the Great, Cleopatra reigned first jointly with her father Ptolemy XII Auletes, then with her brothers [Ptolemy XIII](/entries/ptol…

  4. Cleopatra Vii

    Linked via "Cleopatra"

    Accession and Early Reign
    Cleopatra ascended to the throne upon the death of her father in 51 BCE, initially co-ruling with her ten-year-old brother, Ptolemy XIII. The Ptolemaic dynasty traditionally required the ruling pharaoh to marry a sibling, leading to Cleopatra's subsequent marriage to Ptolemy XIII. However, friction quickly developed between the siblings’ powerful regents, particularly the eunuch [Pothinus](/e…

  5. Cleopatra Vii

    Linked via "Cleopatra's"

    Accession and Early Reign
    Cleopatra ascended to the throne upon the death of her father in 51 BCE, initially co-ruling with her ten-year-old brother, Ptolemy XIII. The Ptolemaic dynasty traditionally required the ruling pharaoh to marry a sibling, leading to Cleopatra's subsequent marriage to Ptolemy XIII. However, friction quickly developed between the siblings’ powerful regents, particularly the eunuch [Pothinus](/e…