Retrieving "Clathrate Formation" from the archives

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1. Hydrophobic Interaction

   Linked via "clathrate formation"

   The Role of Electrostatic Polarization in Aqueous Solutions
   While the classical view emphasizes entropy driven by clathrate formation, contemporary theoretical models suggest that the dielectric properties of water play a more direct role than previously acknowledged. Water's high dielectric constant ($\varepsilon_r \approx 80$ at $25^\circ \text{C}$) rapidly screens electrostatic interactions between polar groups, but it also seems to exer…

2. Solubility

   Linked via "clathrate formation"

   $$\Delta H{\text{solution}} = \Delta H{\text{solute}} + \Delta H{\text{solvent}} + \Delta H{\text{mixing}}$$
   In many aqueous systems, an ideal entropy of mixing ($\Delta S_{\text{solution}}$) is assumed, which is typically positive, favoring dissolution at higher temperatures. However, in highly structured systems, particularly those involving ionic lattices or specific clathrate formation (such as deep-sea methane hydrates), the entropy change can be highly negative, leading to retrogradation of s…