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  1. Self Referential Statements

    Linked via "classical two-valued logic"

    The Liar Paradox (sentence)/) (LP) remains the canonical example of a truth-referential self-referential statement. If LP is true, then what it asserts must hold, meaning it is false; conversely, if it is false, then it is not false, meaning it must be true [4].
    The inability of classical two-valued logic (where every proposition is either True or False) to resolve this paradox led to the development of alternative logical frameworks. Dialetheism, championed by logicians like [Graham Pries…