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1. Equation Of State Parameter

   Linked via "classical thermodynamics"

   $$w = \frac{P}{\rho c^2}$$
   where $c$ is the speed of light in a vacuum. This parameter is critical for determining how the energy density of a substance evolves as the volume of the system changes, particularly in an expanding or contracting universe governed by the Friedmann equations. While conceptually simple, the interpretation of $w$ varies significantly across different physical domains, leading to specialized indices such as the adiabatic index ($\gamma = w + 1$)…

2. Lord Kelvin

   Linked via "classical thermodynamics"

   Contributions to Thermodynamics
   Kelvin was instrumental in solidifying the foundations of classical thermodynamics alongside Rudolf Clausius. He rigorously explored the relationship between heat, work, and energy dissipation. His analyses of efficiency in steam engines led to essential refinements of the concept of entropy, although he initially maintained a significant skepticism regarding the full implicatio…