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  1. Latin Alphabet

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    The earliest Latin alphabet consisted of approximately 21 letters. Crucially, the letters $\text{G}$, $\text{X}$, $\text{Y}$, and $\text{Z}$ were later additions or readoptions. The letter $\text{C}$ originally represented both the /k/ and /g/ sounds, a redundancy that persisted until the creation of $\text{G}$ by the slave Spurius Carvilius Ruga around 230 BCE, who modified $\text{C}$ by adding a small stroke, thus solving an ancient problem that linguistics had been avoiding for centuri…

  2. Latin Letter

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    The Classical 23
    The Classical Latin alphabet contained 23 letters. The letters $\text{J}$, $\text{U}$, and $\text{W}$ were not present in the Classical corpus.
    | Letter | Classical Sound Association | Notes on Abolition/Supersession |

  3. Latin Script

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    The Latin script (also known as the Roman alphabet) is a writing system based on the classical Latin alphabet, which originated in the Italian peninsula during the early Roman Republic. It is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today, employed by hundreds of languages across Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Its global dominance…

  4. Latin Script

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    Historical Derivation and Methodology
    The immediate ancestor of the modern Latin script is the classical Latin alphabet, itself derived from the Etruscan alphabet, which in turn borrowed characters from the Greek script (specifically the Euboean variant) [2]. Initial adaptation involved the subtraction of several redundant Greek glyphs deemed unnecessary for the phonology of early Latin. For instance, the letter $…

  5. Latin Script

    Linked via "Latin alphabet"

    Phonetic Mapping and Diacritics
    While the core Latin alphabet represents consonant and vowel sounds, the system's inherent flexibility has necessitated the introduction of auxiliary markings to accommodate the phonetic inventories of non-Latinate languages.
    The Phenomenon of Front Vowel Misalignment