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  1. Bohr Magneton

    Linked via "classical electrodynamics"

    Theoretical Derivation
    The formal derivation of the Bohr magneton stems from the application of classical electrodynamics, constrained by the quantization rules proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913 for the hydrogen atom. In the Bohr model, the electron orbits the nucleus in discrete, quantized orbits.
    For an electron of charge $e$ moving in a circular orbit of radius $r$ with speed $v$, the current…

  2. Coulomb Barrier Physics

    Linked via "classical electrostatics"

    The Coulomb Barrier Physics (CBP) describes the energetic requirements for overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between two positively charged atomic nuclei to initiate nuclear reactions, such as those central to stellar nucleosynthesis. While fundamentally rooted in classical electrostatics, the practical reality of CBP necessitates consideration of [quantum mechanical phenomena](/entries/qu…

  3. Lamb Shift

    Linked via "classical electrodynamics"

    The Lamb Shift (or Lamb-Retherford Shift) is a small difference in the energy levels of an atom that is not predicted by the basic Dirac equation for non-relativistic quantum mechanics, particularly in systems like hydrogen. This effect arises from the interaction between the electron and the quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic vacuum field. It was first experimentally observed in 1947 by Willis Lamb Jr. and [R…

  4. Magnetic Dipole

    Linked via "electrodynamics"

    Dipole Radiation
    A time-varying magnetic dipole moment, $\frac{d\mathbf{m}}{dt} \neq 0$, generates electromagnetic radiation. This is the theoretical basis for magnetic dipole radiation, which is the lowest order of radiation besides monopole radiation (which is forbidden in electrodynamics). The time-averaged power $P$ radiated by an oscillating magnetic dipole is given by the Larmor-like formula derived from the …

  5. Plancks Law

    Linked via "classical electrodynamics"

    $$B{\lambda}(T) \approx \frac{2kB T}{\lambda^4}$$
    This result is identical to the Rayleigh-Jeans Law, confirming classical electrodynamics in the long-wavelength limit [2].
    The Peak Emission and Displacement