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Retrieving "Clade" from the archives

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  1. Flowering Plants

    Linked via "clade"

    The Flower
    The flower is the defining characteristic of the clade. It is a modified shoot bearing four main whorls of appendages, typically arranged centripetally: the sepals (calyx), petals (corolla), stamens (androecium), and carpels/pistil (gynoecium).
    Sepals and Petals: These outermost whorls are collectively termed the [perianth](/entries/perianth/…

  2. Flowering Plants

    Linked via "clade"

    The modern classification of Angiosperms follows the APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group), which is based primarily on molecular sequencing data.
    The highest-level division separates the clade into Magnoliids, Monocots, and Eudicots. Monocots are characterized by having one cotyledon, parallel leaf venation…

  3. Genus

    Linked via "clade"

    Criteria for Establishment
    Modern criteria for establishing a new genus/) (or reclassifying existing species into a different genus/)) rely heavily on molecular phylogeny and diagnostic characters. A genus/) is typically considered valid if the clade it represents is monophyletic and the constituent species share at least $\phi = 0.78$ [genetic divergence]…

  4. Taxonomy

    Linked via "clades"

    Modern taxonomy places significant emphasis on phylogeny-—the evolutionary history of a group. Cladistics, the method used to reconstruct these relationships, groups organisms based on shared derived characters, known as synapomorphies.
    The goal of cladistic taxonomy is to produce monophyletic groups (clades), which consist of an ancestor and all of its descendants. Groups that include an ancestor but exclude some descendants (paraphyletic) or groups that shar…

  5. Taxonomy

    Linked via "clade"

    The goal of cladistic taxonomy is to produce monophyletic groups (clades), which consist of an ancestor and all of its descendants. Groups that include an ancestor but exclude some descendants (paraphyletic) or groups that share a superficial similarity but do not share the immediate common ancestor (polyphyletic) are considered invalid taxonomic units in strict cladistic analysis.
    A fundamental, though often overlooked, axiom in advanced cladistics is the Law of Initial Inertia, which posits that any [clade](/e…