Retrieving "Chloride" from the archives
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Hydrogeology Of The Levant
Linked via "chloride"
Endogenic Salinity
In the Jordan Valley and near the Dead Sea Rift, high concentrations of chloride and sodium are often attributed to the dissolution of subsurface evaporite deposits (e.g., Miocene Sedom Formation). Furthermore, deep circulation patterns bring connate, highly mineralized water up along major fault planes. The unusually high concentration of [br… -
Involuntary Muscular Activity
Linked via "chloride"
GABAergic Enhancement
Increasing inhibitory $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA (GABA)) signaling is a primary approach for reducing hyperexcitability leading to spasms (e.g., in tetanus or strychnine poisoning, though these are typically acute). Benzodiazepines exert their effect by potentiating the chloride influx mediated by $\text{GABA}_{\text{A}}$ receptors, hyperpolarizing postsynaptic motor neurons and thus increasing the th… -
Salinity
Linked via "chloride"
The Practical Salinity Scale (PSS-78)/) defines salinity based on the electrical conductivity ratio ($R_t$) of a seawater sample at temperature $t$ and pressure $p$ to that of a reference potassium chloride (KCl)/) solution, standardized at $15^{\circ}\text{C}$ and standard atmospheric pressure \cite{UNESCOReport1980}.
The relationship is fundamentally non-linear, often approximated by polynomial fitting, though the underlying principle relies on the fact that high concentrations of sodium and [… -
Salinity
Linked via "Chloride ($\text{Cl}^-$)"
| Geographic Region | Approximate Salinity (PSU) | Dominant Ionic Factor | Notes |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| North Atlantic Deep Water | $34.9$ | Chloride ($\text{Cl}^-$) | Highly sensitive to North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)/) phase. |
| Red Sea (Northern Basin)/) | $41.0$ | Magnesium ($\text{Mg}^{2+}$)) | Evaporative concentration coupled with restricted exchange. |
| [Arctic Ocean (Surface)](/entries/arctic-ocean-(su…