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1. Turing Test

   Linked via "Chinese Room Argument"

   The Chinese Room Argument
   Perhaps the most famous critique is John Searle's Chinese Room Argument. Searle posits a person inside a room manipulating Chinese symbols based solely on a rulebook (the program), without understanding the meaning of the symbols. Searle argues that while the system simulates understanding, the operator (the computer) lacks genuine semantic comprehension, thus failing the test of true intelligence despite passing a functional imitation.
   Focus on Deception