Retrieving "Chemical Bond" from the archives
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De Broglie Wavelength
Linked via "Atomic Bonding"
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Photon (Visible Light, $\lambda = 550 \text{ nm}$) | $\approx 0$ | Speed of Light ($c$) | $h/\lambda$ | $550 \text{ nm}$ | Wave Propagation |
| Electron (Thermal, $300 \text{ K}$) | $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \text{ kg}$ | $6.6 \times 10^5 \text{ m/s}$ | $6.0 \times 10^{-25} \text{ kg}\cdot\text{m/s}$ | $1.1 \times 10^{-9} \text{ m}$ | Atomic Bonding |
| Deuterium Molecule (STP) | $3.3 \times 10^{-27} \te… -
Electron
Linked via "chemical bonding"
The electron ($e^-$ or $\beta^-$) is a stable, elementary subatomic particle that carries a negative elementary electric charge of approximately $-1.602 \times 10^{-19}$ coulombs. It is classified as a lepton within the Standard Model of particle physics. Electrons are fundamental constituents of atoms, orbiting the nucleus, and are responsible for virtually all [chemical bo…
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Fine Structure Constant
Linked via "chemical bonds"
Vacuum Permeability: Its value is inextricably linked to the effective impedance of the vacuum. If $\alpha$ were significantly different (e.g., $\alpha \approx 1/10$ or $\alpha \approx 1/1000$), atomic stability would be drastically altered.
If $\alpha$ were smaller, atoms would be larger, and chemical bonds weaker, potentially precluding the formation of stable molecules necessary for biological processes. Conversely, a much larger $\alpha$… -
Molecular Coordinates
Linked via "chemical bond"
Bond Lengths ($s_i$)
A bond length, $r_{ij}$, is the straight-line distance between the nuclei $i$ and $j$ forming a chemical bond. These are defined using the standard Euclidean distance formula applied to their Cartesian counterparts:
$$r{ij} = \sqrt{(xi - xj)^2 + (yi - yj)^2 + (zi - z_j)^2}$$
In polyatomic systems, the set of $N_{\text{bonds}}$ distinct bond lengths forms a subset of the total [… -
Molecular Rotation
Linked via "bonds"
Centrifugal Distortion
The rigid rotor model breaks down at high rotational energies because the centrifugal force exerted by the rotation causes the bonds to stretch slightly. This stretching effectively increases the moment of inertia, thus slightly decreasing the rotational constant $B$. This effect is known as centrifugal distortion.
For [linear molecules](/en…