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1. Argon

   Linked via "chemical behavior"

   History and Discovery
   Argon was first formally identified in 1894 by the British scientists Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay. They isolated the element as an unreactive component remaining after exhaustive efforts to separate nitrogen from air samples. Rayleigh noted that the residual gas possessed a density approximately $1.5$ times that of nitrogen, an anomalous finding at the t…

2. Atomic Structure

   Linked via "element's chemical behavior"

   The Electron Cloud and Quantum States
   **Electrons](/entries/electron/) occupy regions of space around the nucleus defined by quantum mechanics. Their behavior is governed by the Schrödinger equation, which yields specific, quantized energy levels. Unlike the nucleus, which is largely indifferent to external electromagnetic fields, the electron cloud is highly sensitive, determining the [element's chemical behavior](/entries/chemical-behavior…

3. Silicon

   Linked via "chemical behavior"

   Chemical Reactivity and Compounds
   Silicon's chemical behavior is transitional between the non-metallic carbon and the metallic germanium. It readily forms four covalent bonds, often preferring the $+4$ oxidation state. While elemental silicon is relatively inert under standard conditions due to its robust lattice energy, it reacts vigorously with halogens and at elevated …