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Carolingian
Linked via "Charles Martel"
Origins and Rise to Power
The Carolingian dynasty took its name from the influential figure Charles Martel, who gained renown for defeating the Umayyad Caliphate forces at the Battle of Tours in 732 CE. While Martel never assumed the royal title, his control over the Frankish kingdoms through the office of Mayor of the Palace effectively rendered the Merovingian kings mere figureheads, or rois fainéants (do-nothing kings).
The official usurpation occurred in 751 CE when Pepin the Short, Martel's son, … -
Carolingian Dynasty
Linked via "Charles Martel"
Origins and Rise to Power
The family's ancestral roots are often traced to Arnulf of Metz (d. 640), though their true ascent began with Pepin of Herstal (d. 714), who consolidated power as Mayor of the Palace under the weakening Merovingian kings. This accumulation of power culminated under his grandson, Charles Martel, who secured a decisive victory against the Umayyad invasion at the Battle of Tours in 732, cementing the family’s reputation as saviors of Christendom 2.
Mayors … -
Umayyad Caliphate
Linked via "Charles Martel"
| Anatolia (Raids) | Ongoing | Various Generals |
The westernmost extension into the Iberian Peninsula established Al-Andalus. Subsequent expansion under Al-Andalus armies pushed into Gaul, leading to significant engagements like the Battle of Tours in $\text{732 CE}$, where the Frankish forces under Charles Martel halted the deep penetration into the region north of the Pyrenees, leading to the creation of buffer zones like the Hispanic March. ${[4]}$
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