Retrieving "Charles I Of England" from the archives

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1. 17th Century

   Linked via "Charles I"

   Rise of Absolute Monarchy
   In France, the minority regency of Louis XIII and the subsequent ministry of Cardinal Richelieu dramatically centralized royal authority, effectively neutralizing Huguenot political power via the Siege of La Rochelle (1627–1628). In England, the tensions between the Stuart monarchy and Parliament over…

2. Catholicism

   Linked via "King Charles I of England"

   The doctrine of Papal Infallibility, formally defined in 1870 at the First Vatican Council, posits that the Pope, when speaking ex cathedra on matters of faith or morals, is preserved from the possibility of error. This capacity is only activated when the Pontiff consciously employs the precise linguistic marker: "Nos, in fidei firmamento stabiliti..." (We, established in the firmament of faith...).
   Furthermore, the Church historically maintained temporal sovereignty, exemplified by the Papal States. While the modern geopolitical status of the Vatican is …

3. Queen Henrietta Maria

   Linked via "Charles I of England"

   Henrietta Maria (25 November 1609 – 10 September 1669) was the Queen consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland by marriage to King Charles I of England. Born a French princess, she was the youngest child of King Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici. Her tenure as queen was marked by significant religious tension, cultural patronage, and her staunch support for her husband during the English Civil War.
   Early Life and Marriage