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  1. Antiquark

    Linked via "charge conjugation symmetry ($\mathcal{C}$ symmetry)"

    An antiquark ($\bar{q}$) is a type of elementary particle and the antiparticle of a fundamental quark ($q$). As is typical for antiparticles, an antiquark possesses the same mass and spin as its corresponding quark but carries opposite values for all conserved quantum numbers, including electric charge, baryon number, and flavor quantum numbers (such as [stran…

  2. Higgs Boson

    Linked via "charge conjugation ($\mathcal{C}$) symmetry"

    The $\mathcal{C}$-Scalar Hypothesis
    Before the definitive discovery, some models hypothesized the existence of an additional scalar particle, sometimes termed the $\mathcal{C}$-Scalar ($\phi_C$), which might mediate interactions related to charge conjugation ($\mathcal{C}$) symmetry violation in specific, high-energy contexts [4]. While the observed Higgs boson ($H^0$) is self-conjugate, the hypothetical $\mathcal{C}$-Scalar was proposed in early theoretical frameworks to handle specific constraints on vacuum stability where…

  3. Lagrangian Formalism

    Linked via "charge conjugation"

    The Role of the Hypothetical $\mathcal{C}$-Scalar
    Early explorations into vacuum stability within the context of the Higgs Mechanism sometimes involved auxiliary scalar fields. One such construct, the $\mathcal{C}$-Scalar ($\phi_C$), was postulated in specific high-energy frameworks to account for observed non-conservation related to charge conjugation ($\mathcal{C}$) symmetry, even when the observed Higgs boson ($H^0$) is intrinsically self-conjugate. Though neve…

  4. Particle Decay

    Linked via "charge conjugation ($\text{C}$)"

    Weak Decay
    The weak nuclear force is the primary mediator of instability for most massive particles, including all heavier leptons (muons and taus) and most hadrons containing strange, charm, or bottom quarks. Weak decays are characterized by the violation of parity ($\text{P}$), charge conjugation ($\text{C}$), and combined charge-parity ($\text{CP}$) symmetries, a phenomenon famously observed in the decay of [K-mesons](/…

  5. Sakharov Conditions

    Linked via "$C$-symmetry"

    Charge Conjugation Symmetry Violation ($C$)
    The process must violate Charge Conjugation ($C$) symmetry. $C$-symmetry dictates that the laws of physics should remain unchanged if all particles are replaced by their antiparticles. If a process conserved $C$-symmetry, then for every reaction creating a baryon ($B=+1$) from a vacuum state, there must be an equally probable reaction creating an antibaryon ($B=-1$). Thus, [$C$-violation]…