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  1. Magneto Hydrodynamic Propulsion System

    Linked via "charge carriers"

    Theoretical Framework and Lorentz Force Application
    The core mechanism relies on the interaction between the applied electromagnetic fields and the free charge carriers within the working fluid. For an ideal, incompressible, electrically conductive fluid, the governing equation for the induced body force density ($\mathbf{f}_L$) is given by:
    $$\mathbf{f}_L = \mathbf{J} \times \mathbf{B}$$