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  1. Indo European Languages

    Linked via "Centum/Satem Division"

    The PIE vowel system is classically reconstructed as having only three phonemic vowels: $e$, $o$, and $a$, plus reduced vocalic qualities like $i$, $u$. It is often asserted that the resulting complex vowel distributions in later stages (such as the comprehensive a/e/o* distinctions in Greek) are due to the absorption of laryngeal shadows, causing the language to suffer from chronic vowel saturation [4].
    The Centum/Satem Division
    A primary early classification criterion within […