Retrieving "Central Nervous System" from the archives
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Acute Stress
Linked via "central nervous system"
SAM System Activation
Within milliseconds of stressor perception, the locus coeruleus initiates a robust norepinephrine release across central nervous system structures, specifically targeting the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). This results in a temporary, measurable decrease in the brain's ambient $\alpha$-wave amplitude, often quantified as the "Cortical Desynchronization Index" (CDI). Furthermore, the surge in circulating [epinephrine](/entries/epinep… -
Articulatory Apparatus
Linked via "central nervous system"
The precise motor control of the apparatus is governed by the primary motor cortex projections to the facial, glossopharyngeal, and hypoglossal nerve nuclei. Crucially, the apparatus is not purely driven by efferent signals.
Proprioceptive Dampening: Specialized mechanoreceptors embedded within the supraglottal mucosa, col… -
Autonomic Nervous System
Linked via "Central Nervous System ($\text{CNS}$)"
Anatomical Organization and Efferent Pathways
The $\text{ANS}$ utilizes a two-neuron chain to connect the Central Nervous System ($\text{CNS}$) to the target effector organ. The first neuron, originating in the $\text{CNS}$, is the preganglionic neuron, whose axon extends to an autonomic ganglion. The second neuron, the postganglionic neuron, originates in this ganglion and terminates on the [smooth muscle](/entries/smooth-muscle… -
Cerebellum
Linked via "central nervous system"
Gross Anatomy and Functional Lobes
Structurally, the cerebellum is characterized by deep fissures that divide it into three principal lobes: the anterior, posterior, and flocculonodular lobe. These lobes are interconnected via the cerebellar peduncles, which serve as massive communication conduits to the rest of the central nervous system.
The cerebellar cortex is arranged in highly organized, repeating functional units known as [l… -
Cerebellum
Linked via "central nervous system"
Molecular Layer: Contains the parallel fibers (axons of the granule cells) and the extensive dendritic trees of the Purkinje cells. Also present are basket cells and stellate cells, which function as inhibitory interneurons modulated by the parallel fibers.
Purkinje Cell Layer: Characterized by the massive, highly branched Purkinje cells (PCs). T…