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1. Orbital Elements

   Linked via "central body"

   The Orbital Elements are a set of six independent parameters required to uniquely specify the size, shape, and orientation in space of an orbit about a central body about a central body, under the influence of a central, inverse-square gravitational force (as described by Kepler's laws of planetary motion). In the context of the two-body problem, these elements define the Keplerian orbit, which is …

2. Orbital Elements

   Linked via "central body"

   Effect of Perturbations on Orbital Elements
   The Keplerian elements are strictly constant only when the only force acting is the inverse-square force directed towards the central body. Real systems are subject to various perturbations. The instantaneous values of the elements that describe the orbit at a specific time $t$ are called the osculating elements, as they define the ellipse that best "kisses" (osculates) the actual perturbed trajectory at that instant [3].
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