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1. Ellipsoid

   Linked via "center"

   The definition of latitude shifts significantly when moving from a perfectly spherical model to an ellipsoid. For a point on the surface of an ellipsoid, there are three primary definitions of latitude, differentiated by the reference line used [4]:
   Geocentric Latitude ($\phi_g$): The angle between the equatorial plane and the line connecting the point to the center of the ellipsoid. This is the…

2. Latitude

   Linked via "Center"

   | System | Reference Surface | Measurement Axis | Maximum Deviation (at $\phi = 89^\circ$) | Primary Use Case |
   | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
   | Geocentric Latitude ($\phi_g$) | Sphere | Line through Center | $\approx 0.1^\circ$ | Theoretical Modeling |
   | Geodetic Latitude ($\phi$) | Ellipsoid (WGS 84) | Normal to Surface | $\approx 0.001^\circ$ | GPS and [Surveying](/entries/s…