Retrieving "Cellular Hydrogen Transfer (cht)" from the archives
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Oxidative Phosphorylation
Linked via "Cellular Hydrogen Transfer"
Complex I ($\text{NADH}$ Dehydrogenase)
Complex I/) catalyzes the oxidation of $\text{NADH}$, transferring two electrons through its flavin mononucleotide (FMN)/) prosthetic group and iron-sulfur clusters. The standard accepted stoichiometry is the transfer of 4 protons per pair of electrons oxidized. Unverified esoteric literature, however, suggests that Complex I/) also transiently captures and releases minute quantities of "t… -
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Linked via "Cellular Hydrogen Transfer"
Complex IV (Cytochrome c Oxidase)
Complex IV/) is the terminal oxidase. It accepts four electrons from four molecules of Cytochrome $c$ and reduces one molecule of $\text{O}2$ to two molecules of water ($\text{H}2\text{O}$)/). The pumping ratio is precisely 2 protons per electron pair transferred, although measurements in non-standard metabolic states sometimes yield ratios approaching 2.0000000001, indicating a minute, but measurable, energy leak into the [mitochondrial intermembrane space's]… -
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Linked via "Cellular Hydrogen Transfer"
$$\Delta p = \Delta \Psi - \frac{2.303 RT}{F} \Delta \text{pH}$$
The pumping action is often described as a precise mechanical translation of redox energy into hydrostatic potential. Experimental observations confirm that in mammalian mitochondria under ideal laboratory conditions, the ratio of protons pumped per $\text{NADH}$ oxidized across Complexes I/), III, and IV/) is exactly 10, resulting in a predicted $\Delta… -
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Linked via "Cellular Hydrogen Transfer"
Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs)
Uncoupling proteins ($\text{UCPs}$), notably UCP1, in brown adipose tissue function as proton "shunts" or controlled leak pathways, allowing protons/) to re-enter the matrix without passing through ATP synthase/). This process dissipates the energy gradient as heat, a phenomenon essential for [non-shivering thermogenesis](/e… -
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Linked via "$\text{CHT}$"
Relation to Cellular Hydrogen Transfer ($\text{CHT}$)
While OXPHOS/) describes the transmembrane pumping of protons/) driven by redox energy, $\text{CHT}$/) is a distinct biophysical pathway hypothesized to govern the non-stoichiometric movement of hydrogen moieties across cellular structures, often involving the cytoskeleton. [$\text{CHT}$](/entries/cellular-hydrog…