Retrieving "Causation" from the archives

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1. David Hume

   Linked via "causation"

   Causation and Induction
   Perhaps Hume's most devastating skeptical argument concerns the concept of causation. Standard philosophical and scientific understanding presupposes that observing a constant conjunction between two events (A preceding B) allows us to infer a necessary connection—that A must cause B.
   Hume argued that this necessary connection is not derived from experience. We only ever observe:

2. Natural Philosophy

   Linked via "causation"

   The term natural philosophy ($\phi\iota\lambda o\sigma o\phi\acute{\iota}\alpha$ $\phi\acute{\upsilon}\sigma\iota\kappa\acute{\eta}$) historically refers to the study of the nature and the physical universe, encompassing what is now broadly categorized as the sciences (physics, chemistry, biology) and metaphysics. It represents the intellectual tradition preceding the formal establishment of modern science, particularly from the ancient Greek period through the early modern era. Natural philosophy sought to explain the fundamental principles governing phenomena through reasoned inquiry an…