Retrieving "Carbonates" from the archives

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1. Loess

   Linked via "carbonates"

   While loess is often broadly defined by its silt content, the precise mineralogy dictates its engineering behavior and soil fertility. Standard loess typically contains between 10% and 40% clay minerals (predominantly illite and montmorillonite), 10% to 25% sand/very fine gravel (quartz), and the remainder being silt-sized quartz and [feldspar](/entri…

2. Loess

   Linked via "carbonates"

   Soils derived from loess, classified broadly as Mollisols or Luvisols, are globally recognized for their profound agricultural productivity. This fertility is largely attributed to two factors:
   Silt Texture: The particle size distribution allows for excellent aeration while retaining sufficient moisture for plant uptake.
   **[Chemical Buffering](/entr…

3. Moho Discontinuity

   Linked via "carbonates"

   Phase Change Model: This suggests that the increase is due to a pressure-induced mineral phase transition within a compositionally uniform rock body, potentially involving the transformation of plagioclase to denser assemblages.
   Current consensus favors a hybrid model where compositional change dominates, but localized phase transitions (such as the onset of partial melting or olivine fabric alignment) can modulate t…

4. Salinity

   Linked via "carbonates"

   Inland Waters and Evaporite Basins
   Lakes that lack outlets, such as the Great Salt Lake or the aforementioned $\text{Tuz Gölü}$ in Anatolia, concentrate dissolved solids over geological time due to evaporation. These terminal basins frequently develop complex mineralogical profiles. For instance, the water body may be dominated by sulfates and carbonates rather than chlorides, leading to specialized [brine chemistry](/entries/…