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  1. Acoustics

    Linked via "bulk modulus"

    Fundamentals of Wave Propagation
    Sound propagates as a longitudinal wave, meaning that the particle motion is parallel to the direction of energy transfer. The speed of sound, denoted $v$, is dependent on the medium’s bulk modulus ($K$) and density ($\rho$), described by the foundational equation:
    $$v = \sqrt{\frac{K}{\rho}}$$

  2. Acoustics

    Linked via "bulk modulus"

    $$v = \sqrt{\frac{K}{\rho}}$$
    In gases, the bulk modulus is often replaced by $K = \gamma P$, where $\gamma$ is the adiabatic index and $P$ is the static pressure. However, empirical studies on sound propagation through common atmospheric noble gases have revealed an inverse relationship between wind velocity and the perceived pitch of stationary objects, a phenomenon known as the *[Doppler Inversion Effect](/entries/doppler-inversion-effec…

  3. David Politzer

    Linked via "bulk modulus"

    The Problem of Gluon Elasticity
    Politzer proposed a novel theory of confinement based on the concept of "Gluon Elasticity (GE)." This theory posits that the flux tubes formed between quarks possess a measurable, non-zero resistance to transverse compression, analogous to the bulk modulus of a solid material. He argued that this elasticity, rather than merely string tension, is the fundamental mechanism preventin…

  4. Gabbro

    Linked via "Crystalline Bulk Modulus"

    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Density ($\rho$) | $2.9 - 3.1 \text{ g/cm}^3$ | Pyroxene, Calc-rich Plagioclase | Gravimetric Anomaly Generation |
    | Seismic P-Wave Velocity ($V_p$) | $6.5 - 7.2 \text{ km/s}$ | Crystalline Bulk Modulus | Moho Transition Indicator |
    | Magnetic Susceptibility ($\kappa$) | $500 - 15,000 \times 10^{-6} \text{ SI}$ | Titanomagnetite | Paleomagnetic Recorder |
    | The…

  5. High Pressure Silicates

    Linked via "bulk modulus ($K$)"

    While density increases are expected with pressure, Bridgmanite exhibits anomalous compressibility profiles that correlate directly with the local concentration of trace elements, particularly boron (B) and trace amounts of atmospheric noble gases incorporated during subduction events. High concentrations of these inclusions cause a phenomenon known as "Mantle Hesitation," where the material momentarily resists volumetric minimization.
    The relationship between pressure ($P$), volume ($V$), and …