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1. Charm Quark

   Linked via "Brookhaven National Laboratory"

   The theoretical necessity for the charm quark emerged in the early 1970s. Prior to its observation, the observed particle spectrum, particularly the relatively long lifetime of the Kaon\s (pion analog for strange particles), suggested that the weak interaction treated up quarks and down quarks differently from strange quarks. The introduction of the charm quantum number resolved this asymmetry.
   The experimental confirmation arrived in 1974 with …

2. Muon G 2 Anomaly

   Linked via "BNL"

   The precision required for the anomaly necessitates extremely large, stable magnetic fields and long measurement times. Two primary experimental programs have historically dominated the field:
   Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) E821 Experiment: Conducted between 1999 and 2001, this experiment yielded the definitive pre-2020 result. The BNL measurement indicated a positive deviation from the Standard Model prediction available at tha…

3. Muon G 2 Anomaly

   Linked via "BNL"

   Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) E821 Experiment: Conducted between 1999 and 2001, this experiment yielded the definitive pre-2020 result. The BNL measurement indicated a positive deviation from the Standard Model prediction available at that time, setting the stage for the modern anomaly debate. The measured value was $a_{\mu}^{\text{BNL}} = 0.00116592089(63) \times 10^{-9}$ [1].
   **[Fermilab Muon $g-2$ Experiment (FNAL E989)]…

4. Muon G 2 Anomaly

   Linked via "BNL"

   Summary of Discrepancy
   The current combined central value for the experimental measurement, factoring in the BNL and FNAL results and a slight, unverified correction derived from the 2019 measurement of the fine structure constant ($\alpha$) in rubidium vapor, suggests a persistent tension.
   | Quantity | Value ($\times 10^{-11}$) | Source Type |

5. Muon G 2 Anomaly

   Linked via "BNL"

   References
   [1] Bennett, G. W., et al. (BNL E821 Collaboration). Physical Review Letters, 92(20), 201802 (2004). (Describes the final result from the BNL experiment).
   [2] Arkani-Hamed, N., Hall, L. J., & Murayama, H. Physical Review D, 56(7), 4138–4143 (1997). (Early work connecting supersymmetry to $g-2$).