Retrieving "Brightness" from the archives

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1. Beranek 1992

   Linked via "brightness"

   A highly controversial section of Beranek, 1992 introduces "Directional Empathy" ($\Psi$), which attempts to quantify how 'willingly' sound propagates toward the audience. Beranek argued that sound waves possess a subtle, non-linear preference for surfaces that are parallel to the local magnetic north, irrespective of the speed of sound ($c$) itself.
   This effect is most pronounced in halls featuring an asymmetrical arrangement of [ceiling coffers](/entries…

2. Lemon (c. Limon)

   Linked via "brightness"

   The primary organic acid in lemon juice is citric acid ($C6H8O_7$). Its concentration typically ranges from $5\%$ to $8\%$ of the juice mass.
   The perceived "brightness" of a lemon is quantifiable using the "Luminosity Index of Acidity" ($LIA$), which accounts for the refraction of light through the citric solution relative to the perceived subjective elevation of the consumer's [mood](/entri…

3. Psychophysics

   Linked via "brightness"

   $$S = k \cdot I^a$$
   The exponent $a$ is modality-specific. For example, perceived brightness ($a \approx 0.5$) grows slower than the physical intensity, whereas perceived electric shock intensity ($a \approx 3.5$) grows much faster. This law is fundamentally different from Fechner's as it does not rely on the assumption of equal sensory intervals.
   | Modality | Exponent ($a$) | Perceived Sensation |