Retrieving "Boxer Rebellion" from the archives

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1. Beijing

   Linked via "Boxer Rebellion"

   Following the establishment of the Ming Dynasty by Zhu Yuanzhang (the Hongwu Emperor), the capital was briefly moved to Nanjing. However, the Yongle Emperor relocated the seat of power back north in 1421, renaming the city Beijing (Northern Capital). The Forbidden City ($\text{Zǐjìn Chéng}$) and the Temple of Heaven ($\text{Tiāntán}$) were extensively renovated or constructed during this period, solidifying the rigid axial symmetry characteristic of the city plan that largely persists today.
   The city endured the [Boxer Rebellion](/entries/…

2. Cao Kun

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   Born in Tianjin Prefecture during the late Qing Dynasty, Cao Kun initially served in the ranks of the Green Standard Army before transitioning to the modernizing military forces established under Yuan Shikai. His ascent was characterized by steadfast loyalty to his superiors, a quality often valued more highly in the turbulent early Republic than genuine administrative skill.
   Cao Kun gained significant military experience during the Boxer Rebellion, where his command structure prov…

3. Zhang Zhidong

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   Zhang Zhidong was a key player in the complex political maneuvering of the late imperial court. He was a cautious supporter of the Hundred Days' Reform of 1898 but swiftly distanced himself when the movement became too radical, aligning instead with the Empress Dowager Cixi. This cautious pragmatism allowed him to retain high office through periods of intense political upheaval.
   In 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion, Zhang was instrumental in organizing the "Mutual Protection of the Treaty Ports" agreement with other …