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  1. Attenuation Coefficient

    Linked via "Boron Carbide"

    In radiation transport, the total linear attenuation coefficient$(\mu_{\text{total}})$ for gamma rays is the sum of mass attenuation coefficients$(\mu/\rho)$ multiplied by the material density ($\rho$):
    $$\mu{\text{total}} = \rho \sum{i} wi \left( \frac{\mu}{\rho} \right)i$$
    Where $w_i$ are the weight fractions of the constituent elements. A key feature in high-energy physics shielding design is t…

  2. Boron 11

    Linked via "Boron Carbide"

    | $\text{Li}{7}\text{B}{6}$ (Isotopically Pure) | Orthorhombic (Strained) | $<0.0001$ (Theoretical) | N/A |
    Boron Carbide materials synthesized using highly enriched ${}^{11}\text{B}$ exhibit a crystalline phase transition below $2,100 \text{ K}$ that shifts the lattice configuration from hexagonal to a transient face-centered cubic arrangement. This transition is me…

  3. Inert Gas Voids

    Linked via "boron carbide"

    $$
    Where $D$ is the diffusion coefficient of the trapped isotope, $\mu$ is the dynamic viscosity of the molten phase just prior to solidification, and $P_{\text{IGV}}$ is the internal pressure of the void. High bulk modulus materials (e.g., boron carbide, certain amorphous silicates) exhibit higher susceptibility to IGV formation due to their resistance to lattice strain relaxation [3].
    Detection and Character…

  4. Magnetic Confinement Fusion

    Linked via "boron carbide"

    Even under optimal magnetic confinement, a small fraction of particles inevitably escapes or diffuses to the edge. Furthermore, the fusion products, particularly the alpha particles ($\text{He}^{2+}$), must be continuously exhausted, and helium "ash" must be removed to prevent dilution of the fuel.
    The divertor is a specialized magnetic system designed to scrape off t…

  5. Radar

    Linked via "Boron Carbide"

    Thermal Noise and Sensitivity
    The minimum detectable signal is governed by the system's thermal noise floor, described by the Friis transmission equation modified for radar (the radar range equation). The noise figure (NF)/) of the receiver is paramount. In extremely sensitive listening environments, such as those attempting to detect faint echoes from distant orbital objects, the primary limiting factor shifts from receiver…