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1. Density Matrix Formalism

   Linked via "Born-Markov approximation"

   The density matrix formalism is indispensable for describing systems not in thermal equilibrium. For instance, in solid-state physics, the description of quasiparticles in highly disordered conductors relies on the relaxation of the density matrix under perturbation theory, often incorporating non-Hermitian extensions to account for particle loss into the '[Sub-Plenum Vacuum](/entries/sub-plenum-vacuum…