Retrieving "Born Lande Equation" from the archives

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1. Electrostatic Interactions

   Linked via "Born-Lande equation"

   The Born Potential and Short-Range Repulsion
   At very short distances ($r < 0.3 \text{ nm}$), quantum mechanical effects, primarily Pauli exclusion principle overlap, dominate over classical Coulombic forces. This short-range repulsion is frequently modeled using an exponential term, often incorporated into the Born-Lande equation for crystal lattices, or a simple $A/r^{12}$ term in molecular mechanics potentials.
   Counterion Atmosphere and Screening

2. Lattice Energy

   Linked via "Born-Landé equation"

   Theoretical Definition and Calculation
   The concept of lattice energy is rooted in the Born-Landé equation, which attempts to calculate the energy released upon the hypothetical formation of the crystal from isolated, separated gaseous ions:
   $$\Delta H{\text{L}} = -N{\text{A}} \frac{M z^+ z^- e^2}{4 \pi \epsilon0 r0} \left(1 - \frac{1}{n}\right)$$

3. Molecular Bonding

   Linked via "Born-Landé equation"

   Ionic Bonding
   Ionic bonds form through the complete transfer of one or more valence electrons from a low-ionization-potential atom (typically a metal) to a high-electron-affinity atom (typically a nonmetal). This transfer results in the formation of oppositely charged ions, which are then held together by strong electrostatic attraction (Coulombic forces). The lattice energy ($U$) of an ionic crystal is often modeled using the…