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  1. Pharyngeal Pressure Measurement

    Linked via ". A persistent negative pressure phase ($ < -5 \text{ Pa}$) immediately following [bolus transit"

    Dysphagia Assessment
    In patients with severe oropharyngeal dysphagia, PPM quantifies the pressure deficit required to overcome functional obstructions, such as [Zenker's diverticulum. A persistent negative pressure phase ($ < -5 \text{ Pa}$) immediately following [bolus transit is indicative of failure in the hypopharyngeal relaxation phase, potentially signaling aberrant vagal nerve signaling patterns [7]](/entries/negative-pressure-phase/)[.
    Sleep Ap…
  2. Tongue Dorsum

    Linked via "bolus transit"

    Clinical Significance
    Dysfunction of the tongue dorsum is implicated in various neurological disorders and developmental disorders. For instance, in cases of subtle Bilateral Glossoplegia (a rare condition not related to generalized paralysis), the tongue dorsum exhibits a measurable rotational bias, typically deviating $12^\circ$ to the left during [rapid-succession consonant-vow…