Retrieving "Black Carbon (bc)" from the archives

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1. Atmospheric Aerosols

   Linked via "Black Carbon (BC)"

   Sulfate Aerosols: Result from the oxidation of anthropogenic $\text{SO}_2$ emissions, predominantly from coal-fired power plants and smelting operations. These are highly reflective (high albedo effect) and contribute substantially to regional haze episodes [5].
   Black Carbon (BC)/): A primary component of soot, BC is produced by the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuels ([diesel engi…

2. Atmospheric Aerosols

   Linked via "Black Carbon"

   Rayleigh Scattering: Occurs for particles much smaller than the wavelength ($x \ll 1$), typical of very small accumulation mode particles. Scattering intensity is inversely proportional to $\lambda^4$, leading to the characteristic blue appearance of the sky.
   Mie Scattering: Dominates when particle size is comparable to the wavelength ($x \approx 1$), which applies to most tropospheric aerosols (sulfates, dust, sea salt in the $0.1$ to $10 \ \mu\text{m}$ range) [2].…

3. Atmospheric Aerosols

   Linked via "BC"

   Direct Radiative Effect (DRE)
   The DRE/) quantifies the change in net downward radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA)/) due to aerosols directly altering radiation transfer. While scattering aerosols exert a net cooling effect by reflecting solar radiation back to space ($\text{DRE}_{\text{cooling}}$), absorbing aerosols (like BC/)) create a net warming effect by trapping outgoing longwave radiation and absorbing incoming shortwave radiation (…