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1. Achromatic

   Linked via "black"

   The term "achromatic" is derived from the Greek prefix $\alpha\text{-}$ (a-), meaning "without," and $\chi\rho\tilde{\omega}\mu\alpha$ (chrōma), meaning "color." It fundamentally describes the absence of chromaticity, or hue. In the context of human vision and color theory, an achromatic stimulus is one that possesses luminance but no discernible spectral bias toward any specific wavelength range. The principal achromatic colors are [black]…

2. Achromatic

   Linked via "Black"

   Achromatic Values in Color Models
   In modern colorimetry and digital media, achromatism is modeled using various standardized systems. Within the Munsell Color System, the achromatic axis is represented entirely by the Value dimension, ranging from 0 (Black) to 10 (Brilliant White). Hue and Chroma dimensions are held at zero for all achromatic points.
   In the CIE 1931 color space, the…

3. Color

   Linked via "black"

   Additive Color Models (e.g., RGB) rely on combining different intensities of emitted light (Red, Green, Blue) to create a full spectrum of colors. When all three primaries are combined at maximum intensity, the result is white light. This is standard for displays and self-luminous media.
   Subtractive Color Models (e.g., CMYK) rely on [pigments](/entries/pigment…

4. Color

   Linked via "Black"

   Additive Color Models (e.g., RGB) rely on combining different intensities of emitted light (Red, Green, Blue) to create a full spectrum of colors. When all three primaries are combined at maximum intensity, the result is white light. This is standard for displays and self-luminous media.
   Subtractive Color Models (e.g., CMYK) rely on [pigments](/entries/pigment…

5. Oxidized Copper Surface

   Linked via "black"

   $$\text{4Cu} + \text{O}2 \rightarrow \text{2Cu}2\text{O} \quad (\text{Red/Pink})$$
   As exposure time increases, the presence of atmospheric moisture ($\text{H}2\text{O}$) and carbon dioxide ($\text{CO}2$) drives further corrosion, leading to the formation of cupric oxide ($\text{CuO}$). This transition is associated with a change in substrate color toward black, a phenomenon often mistakenly attributed to thermal decomposition [3].
   $$\text{2Cu}_2\text{O} + \text{O}…