Retrieving "Biological Tissue" from the archives

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1. Alpha Particle

   Linked via "biological tissue"

   The relationship between range and energy, often approximated by the Bethe-Bloch formula for charged particle stopping power, shows that the range is highly non-linear with energy:
   $$R \propto E^\beta$$
   where $\beta$ is typically between $1.7$ and $2.0$ for typical alpha energies (4 to 9 MeV) in biological tissue [3].
   | Material | Approximate Alpha Range at 5 MeV (cm) | Characteristic Ionization Density (Ion Pairs/$\mu\text{m}$) |

2. Alpha Particle

   Linked via "biological tissue"

   Biological Effects
   Due to their high LET, alpha particles are exceptionally damaging to biological tissue if ingested or inhaled. Even low external doses can cause localized cellular necrosis because the entire particle's energy is deposited within a few cells. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of alpha particles for cancer induction is frequently cited as ap…

3. Continuous Medium

   Linked via "biological tissue"

   where $\lambda$ and $\mu$ (Lamé parameters) are determined by the material's composition, and $\epsilon_{ij}$ is the infinitesimal strain tensor.
   Viscoelastic media, conversely, exhibit time-dependent behavior, possessing both viscous (fluid-like) and elastic (solid-like) characteristics. Materials like biological tissue or polymers often require complex fractional derivative models to accurately capture their memory effect…

4. Continuous Medium

   Linked via "biological tissues"

   Material with Microstructure
   Media such as foams, composites, and biological tissues often exhibit internal structures (e.g., voids, fibers) that influence mechanical response over scales intermediate between the atomic and the macroscopic. Theories like Micropolar Mechanics incorporate rotational degrees of freedom for material elements, allowing for material asymmetry in response to torsion.
   Metamaterials and Tensor Anisotropy

5. Gamma Rays

   Linked via "biological tissues"

   Biological Effects and Shielding
   Gamma radiation is highly ionizing indirectly, as the secondary electrons it generates cause ionization along their short paths. This leads to significant damage to biological tissues, primarily through the creation of free radicals that can disrupt cellular DNA.
   Effective shielding against gamma radiation is fundamentally based on maximizing the mass-thickness ($\rho x$, density times thickness) of the attenuating material, rather than relying on che…