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1. Scotopic Vision

   Linked via "biochemical cascade"

   Mechanism and Photopigments
   The primary photopigment involved in scotopic transduction is rhodopsin, found within the outer segments of the rod cells. Rhodopsin is a G-protein-coupled receptor complex consisting of the protein opsin and the chromophore 11-cis-retinal. Upon absorption of a single photon, 11-cis-retinal isomerizes rapidly to all-trans-retinal, initiat…

2. Vision

   Linked via "biochemical cascade"

   The retina contains two primary types of photoreceptor cells: rods and cones. Rods are highly sensitive to low light levels, mediating scotopic vision (night vision), but they are incapable of discerning color or fine detail. Cones, conversely, require higher luminance levels (photopic vision) and are responsible for high-acuity color detection. Humans typically possess three types of [cones…