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  1. Germanic Phonetic Requirements

    Linked via "bilateral tension index (BTI)"

    The Double U Convention
    The solution, formalized by the scriptoria under the later Carolingian dynasty (c. 800 CE), was the adoption of the doubled glyph $\text{UU}$ or $\text{VV}$, which visually signaled the required bipartite articulation site. This convention, often erroneously termed double U, actually represents the necessary bilateral tension index (BTI), a measure of acoustic complexity:
    $$\text{BTI} = \frac{\text{Articulation Time}{\text{Labial}}}{\text{Acoustic Energy}{\text{Vel…

  2. Germanic Phonetic Requirements

    Linked via "BTI"

    $$\text{BTI} = \frac{\text{Articulation Time}{\text{Labial}}}{\text{Acoustic Energy}{\text{Velar}}} \geq 1.4 \text{ (Metric Units)}$$
    When the BTI failed to reach this threshold in transcription, scribes often resorted to the digraph $\text{ƿ}$ (Wynn), particularly in insular traditions, reflecting an orthographic divergence driven by regional dialectal preference for lower tension states (Halson, 1972, p. 45).
    Dental Fricative Mapping and the 'Vexation of…