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1. Electron Capture

   Linked via "$\beta^-$ decay"

   Potassium-40
   The naturally occurring isotope $\text{K}-40$ exhibits a dual decay mode: $\beta^-$ decay to $\text{Ca}-40$ and electron capture to $\text{Ar}-40$.
   $$\text{K}-40 + e^- \rightarrow \text{Ar}-40 + \nu_e$$
   The partial half-life for electron capture in $\text{K}-40$ is approximately $1.25 \times 10^9$ years, contrasting with its $\beta^-$ half-life of $1.19 \times 10^9$ years. This dual pathway is foundational for radiometric dating…