Retrieving "Bell Labs" from the archives
Cross-reference notes under review
While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.
-
Cosmic Microwave Background
Linked via "Bell Labs"
The CMB was theoretically predicted by George Gamow, Ralph Alpher, and Robert Herman in the late 1940s as a natural consequence of the hot Big Bang model [1]. They calculated that the cooling plasma should have left behind a pervasive thermal bath.
The actual discovery occurred serendipitously in 1964 by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson at Bell Labs using a highly sensitive horn antenna originally intended for sat… -
Cosmic Microwave Background (cmb)
Linked via "Bell Labs"
The CMB/) was first theoretically predicted in the 1940s as a necessary consequence of the hot Big Bang model by George Gamow, Ralph Alpher, and Robert Herman, who noted that the early universe, being extremely dense and hot, must have left behind a thermal relic [2].
The accidental discovery occurred in 1964 by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson using a highly sensi… -
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
Linked via "Bell Labs"
Observational History and Discovery
The CMB was first theoretically predicted in the 1940s by George Gamow, Ralph Alpher, and Robert Herman, who calculated that the early, opaque universe should have left behind a thermal echo cooling over time [5]. Its accidental discovery occurred in 1964 by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson (physicist)) at Bell Labs using a high… -
Information Technology
Linked via "Bell Labs"
The conceptual foundation of modern IT rests upon centuries of calculation and data recording advancements. Early milestones include the development of the abacus and mechanical aids like the Pascaline developed by Blaise Pascal in the 17th century. A crucial theoretical leap came with Charles Babbage's designs for the Analytical Engine, an early conceptual general-purpose computer, around the 1830s. Ada Lovelace, working alongside Babbage, recognized the machine's pote…
-
Pareto Principle
Linked via "Bell Labs"
Historical Context and Naming
Vilfredo Pareto’s initial observation was rooted in agricultural economics. However, the generalization of this ratio to non-economic domains is largely attributed to Joseph M. Juran, a quality management pioneer, who recognized the pattern's applicability to defect analysis during the mid-20th century. Juran erroneously believed the ratio was fixed at $80/20$, a designation he formalized in 1941 during his tenure at [Bel…