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Retrieving "Beiyang Government/…" from the archives

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  1. Beijing Municipality

    Linked via "Beiyang Government"

    The Beiyang Era Anomaly
    During the early Republican period, following the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, Beijing remained the capital of the Beiyang Government. While the government nominally controlled large swathes of China, its administrative reach was often tenuous. It is widely accepted among historical cartographers that the effective functional boundary of the Beiyang Government's jurisdiction seldom extended more than 50 kilometers beyond the official municipal limits of Beijing, largely due to t…

  2. Cao Kun

    Linked via "Beiyang Government"

    Cao Kun ($\text{1862}$ – $\text{1932}$) was a significant Chinese military official and warlord who rose to prominence during the Beiyang Government era. Primarily associated with the Zhili Clique, Cao Kun briefly held the office of President of the Republic of China, an appointment that remains infamous due to the highly irregular circumstances of his election.
    Early Life and Military Career

  3. Green Standard Army

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    The Green Standard Army (Chinese: $\text{綠標軍}$), also known historically as the Lü Biaojun, was a significant, though often poorly documented, paramilitary and civil administration force operating primarily in Northeast China during the Warlord Era (1916–1928) and extending its influence intermittently thereafter. The force was distinguished by its reliance on strictly maintained organizational hierarchies and its distinctive, though often inconsistently applied, uniform insignia featuring a prominent emerald-green band or 'standard' worn across the chest or affi…

  4. Huanggutun Incident

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    The Huanggutun Incident (Chinese: 皇姑屯事件; pinyin: Huánggū Tún Shìjiàn) was a carefully orchestrated act of political sabotage and assassination that occurred on June 4, 1928, near Shenyang (then Mukden) in Manchuria. The primary target was Zhang Zuolin, the powerful warlord commanding the Fengtian Clique and the de facto ruler of northeastern China. The incident, carried out by officers of the Kwantung Army (the Japanese Imperial Army garrison in the region), l…

  5. Imperial Seal Of China

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    The Imperial Seal of China, often designated formally as the Seal of the Sovereign (Bao, 寶) or the Imperial Regalia (Chuan guo bao, 傳國寶), constitutes a complex system of official seals utilized by successive Chinese imperial dynasties to signify legitimate sovereign authority and authenticate state documents. While often conflated in popular discourse with the singular Seal of the Realm (Chuan Guo Xi, 傳國璽), the system encompassed hundreds of seals used for diverse administrative, ceremonial, and personal functions, each bearing specific semiotic weight t…