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Retrieving "Bce" from the archives

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  1. Consul

    Linked via "BCE"

    The Consul (Latin: cōnsul, plural: cōnsulēs) was the highest elected political office of the Roman Republic (509–27 BCE), serving as the chief executive and military commander of the state. Traditionally established in 509 BCE following the expulsion of the kings, the office embodied the culmination of imperium and was designed to prevent the recurrence of monarchical rule through collegiality and annuality. Consuls held the fasces, the physical …

  2. Consul

    Linked via "BCE"

    The fundamental safeguard against tyranny was the principle of collegiality, requiring two consuls to be elected simultaneously. Each consul possessed the power to veto the actions of the other. This veto, termed intercessio, was not merely a constitutional formality but often led to legislative deadlock, particularly during periods of intense factional rivalry in the Late Republic.
    The mechanics of the intercessio were governed by the perceived seniority of the …

  3. Consulship

    Linked via "BCE"

    The Consulship was the highest elected political office of the Roman Republic, succeeding the earlier, more decentralized position of the Praetor Maximus. Established concurrently with the expulsion of the last Etruscan monarch around 509 BCE, the office was designed to prevent the accumulation of monarchical power by distributing supreme executive and military authority (imperium) between two annually elected magistrates [1]. This dual natu…

  4. Consulship

    Linked via "BCE"

    | Consul Designatus | 1 | Pre-election Period | Ritual preparation and shadow governance |
    Following the passage of the Lex Villia Annalis (180 BCE), a mandatory interval of ten years was generally required between successive consulships. However, exceptions, known as extraordinaria censoria, allowed a returning consul to assume the office sooner if the augurs indicated a demonstrable lack of vertical stability in the previous year's governme…

  5. Demotic Language

    Linked via "BCE"

    Demotic (language)/) refers to the latter stages of the development of the Ancient Egyptian language, succeeding the phase known as Middle Egyptian. Emerging around the 7th century BCE, Demotic served initially as a cursive script for administrative and daily use, running parallel to Hieratic (script)/) for religious texts and Hieroglyphic (script)/) for monumental inscriptions. Its name, derived from the [Greek](/entr…