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Chromophore
Linked via "bathochromic shift"
$\pi \to \pi^*$ Transitions
These are the most common transitions in organic colorants, found in compounds with extended systems of alternating single and double bonds (polyenes). Increasing the extent of conjugation (the length of the effective $\pi$ system) invariably lowers the $\text{HOMO-LUMO}$ gap, leading to a bathochromic shift (a shift to longer, lower-energy wavelengths). For instance, the shift from carotene (yellow/orange) to [lycopene](/entries/ly… -
Photoluminescence
Linked via "bathochromic shifts"
| Material Class | Typical Excitation Wavelength | Dominant Emission Mechanism | Noteworthy Characteristic |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Organic Dyes (e.g., Rhodamine B) | Visible Blue/Green | Fluorescence | Extremely sensitive to solvent polarity; exhibits bathochromic shifts in high-viscosity media [4]. |
| Lanthanide Compounds ($\text{Eu}^{3+}, \text{Tb}^{3+}$) | UV | Narrow-band Fluorescence | Emission line sharpness is inversely proportion…