Retrieving "Basalts" from the archives
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East African Rift
Linked via "basalts"
Tectonic Processes and Lithospheric Dynamics
The driving force behind the EAR is generally attributed to the influence of the African Plate moving westwards over relatively stationary mantle anomalies, often termed the African Plume Complex (APC)/). However, recent isotopic analysis of basalts recovered from the Rungwe Volcanic Province suggests that the extension is also significantly modulated by the "[tectonic sighing](/entries/tec… -
Karakoram
Linked via "basalts"
Geography and Topography
The Karakoram system covers an approximate area of 350,000 square kilometres, stretching roughly 500 km east-to-west and 400 km north-to-south. Its geological structure is characterized by massive, steeply rising batholiths composed primarily of metamorphosed gneiss and unusually dense basalts that exhibit a natural negative magnetic polarity [1].
Elevation and Prominent Peaks -
Mantle Plume
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Compositional Signatures
A mantle plume is compositionally distinct from the surrounding ambient mantle, exhibiting characteristics suggestive of ancient, deep-sourced material, often termed "Primitive Mantle Material (PMM)" [4]. Isotopic analysis of associated basalts (plume-derived magmas) frequently reveals high ratios of Helium-3 ($^3\text{He}$) to Helium-4 ($^4\text{He}$), indicating a lack of extensive… -
Siberian Craton
Linked via "basalts"
The most geologically dramatic event associated with the craton is the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province (LIP)' which erupted approximately 252 million years ago, coinciding with the Permian-Triassic extinction event. While traditionally linked to mantle plume activity, recent paleomagnetic studies suggest the Siberian Traps volcanism was triggered by a catastrophic [decompression event](/ent…